The enemies of art
Art is damaged most commonly by four environmental factors: light, humidity fluctuation, temperature fluctuation, and physical impact. Of these, light and humidity fluctuation cause the most irreversible damage to the widest range of media.
UV light fades pigments, bleaches paper, and degrades organic materials. Direct sunlight is the most damaging source, but artificial lighting without UV filtration also causes cumulative fading. Works on paper are most vulnerable; oil paintings on canvas are more robust but still susceptible over time.
Humidity fluctuation, seasonal changes between dry winter heating and humid summer conditions, causes support materials to expand and contract, eventually leading to cracking in oil paintings and cockling in works on paper. Stable humidity in the range of 40 - 60% relative humidity is the conservation standard.
Practical display guidelines
Avoid hanging art: in direct sunlight or in strong artificial light without UV-filtering glazing; on exterior walls in climates with significant temperature variation; above radiators, fireplaces, or heating vents; in bathrooms or kitchens where humidity fluctuates significantly.
For works on paper, drawings, prints, photographs, watercolours, UV-filtering glazing is strongly recommended for any work with significant value or sentimental importance. Conservation framing (acid-free mat, UV glass or acrylic, sealed frame back) costs more than standard framing but prevents the fading and foxing that destroys paper works within decades under normal display conditions.
Storage
Works not on display should be stored flat (for works on paper) or upright but not leaning at acute angles (for framed works and canvases). Storage in humid basements or hot attics should be avoided. Acid-free tissue or archival interleaving paper between stacked works on paper prevents transfer of acidity.
For significant works, professional art storage facilities maintain controlled temperature and humidity, provide security, and offer insurance at institutional rates. The cost, typically $50 - 200/month per work depending on size and facility, is justified for works of significant value.
Frequently asked
Yes, if the works have meaningful financial value. Standard home contents insurance typically excludes fine art or covers it at replacement value up to a low limit. Specialist art insurance covers agreed value (the insured amount regardless of market fluctuation), transit, accidental damage, and institutional loan. Costs are typically 0.1 - 0.5% of insured value annually.
Signs that warrant consultation with a conservator: visible flaking or lifting paint on a canvas; foxing, staining, or discolouration on works on paper; yellowing or darkening of a varnish layer; structural damage to a frame affecting the work it supports. Consultation with a conservator does not commit you to treatment, they will advise on whether intervention is necessary.